Part one The Science of Life and Its Chemical Basis

1 Studying Life

2 Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

3 Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

4 Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Part two Cells

5 Cells: The Working Units of Life

6 Cell Membranes

7 Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Part three Cells and Energy

8 Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy

10 Photosynthesis: Energy from Sunlight

Part four Genes, Genomes, and Heredity

11 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

12 Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

13 DNA and Its Role in Heredity

14 From DNA to Protein: Gene Expression

15 Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

16 Regulation of Gene Expression

17 Genomes

18 Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

Part five The Processes and Patterns of Evolution

19 Processes of Evolution

20 Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

21 Evolution of Genes and Genomes

22 Speciation

23 The History of Life on Earth

Part six The Evolution of Diversity

24 Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

26 Plants without Seeds: From Water to Land

27 The Evolution of Seed Plants

28 The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

29 Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

30 Protostome Animals

31 Deuterostome Animals

Part seven Flowering Plants: Form and Function

32 The Plant Body

33 Transport in Plants

34 Plant Nutrition

35 Regulation of Plant Growth

36 Reproduction in Flowering Plants

37 Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Part eight Animals: Form and Function

38 Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

39 Animal Hormones

40 Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

41 Animal Reproduction

42 Animal Development

43 Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

44 Sensory Systems

45 The Mammalian Nervous System

46 Musculoskeletal Systems

47 Gas Exchange

48 Circulatory Systems

49 Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

50 Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

51 Animal Behavior

Part nine Ecology

52 The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

53 Populations

54 Species Interactions

55 Communities

56 Ecosystems

57 A Changing Biosphere

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